Ok, let me see if I can give a few pointers here. I have to say I don't have VB experience, but maybe my C# experience applies to VB as well.
You are right, double-clicking on a form or control should get you the designer. If it doesn't you might want to try the following:
-Right-click on the form. Here you should be able to select to view the code or the designer.
-In C#, you can switch from design to code and vice versa by using the F7 / Shift-F7 keys. These are the defaults.
If all of this doesn't work, it might be that the form is incorrectly marked as something else than a form. I remember from some time ago I had a similar problem and I fixed this by open the project file in a text editor. In C# this is the csproj file, an xml file. The subtype of the file is shown here, like this:
<Compile Include="Form1.cs">
<SubType>Form</SubType>
</Compile>
<Compile Include="Form1.Designer.cs">
<DependentUpon>Form1.cs</DependentUpon>
</Compile>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Form1.resx">
<SubType>Designer</SubType>
<DependentUpon>Form1.cs</DependentUpon>
</EmbeddedResource>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Properties\Resources.resx">
<Generator>ResXFileCodeGenerator</Generator>
<LastGenOutput>Resources.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
<SubType>Designer</SubType>
These are the three files that belong to a form. You can also see how they are linked to each other with dependencies. I believe that the subtypes is what the designer uses to identify it as a designable form. Note that this is different for components and controls. If your form looks different, with different subtypes, you might want to try to change the type (make a backup first please).
Don't know if all of this applies to VB. At least I gave it a shot
.