If I understand, you are basically trying to deploy an application that has multiple localized resources installed with it... like the Japanese and German resources for your application.
If that's right, there's a way to do it with ClickOnce, and a way to do it with Setup projects.
For ClickOnce, you need to open the ApplicationFiles dialog, and then click the "Show All Files" checkbox. Then, include the resource assemblies you want by changing the drop-down from Exclude to Include.
For Setup projects, just add the Localized Resources project output group. That will include all of them.
Now, once you have it installed, that's 1/2 the battle, how do you get them to be loaded? The runtime takes the OS language settings, and looks for resources assemblies in that locale. If it finds them, it loads them up... if not, it falls back to the default resources (usually your English ones). You can write some code to switch the resources on the fly, but part of it is a little tricky or monotonous, depending on your take.
To switch the application's locale, you change something like the System.Threading CurrentThread.UICulture to the culture you wish to display... then, the next trick is you have to reload the resources for each of your controls. Usually, you copy and re-write some of the InitializeComponents method.
Here's a sample method I used in VS 2002... I don't know if there's an easier way to do it now... I'd like to think so but I haven't played with it in a few years :-)
Private Sub LoadResource()
Dim resources As System.Resources.ResourceManager = New System.Resources.ResourceManager(GetType(WindowsApplication1.Form1))
Dim strCulture As String
strCulture = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.ToString
Select Case strCulture
Case "de"
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = New System.Globalization.CultureInfo("ja") 'JPN=ja (null)=Neutral DEU=de
Case "ja"
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = New System.Globalization.CultureInfo("") 'JPN=ja (null)=Neutral DEU=de
Case Else
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = New System.Globalization.CultureInfo("de") 'JPN=ja (null)=Neutral DEU=de
End Select
#ExternalSource("C:\My Documents\Visual Studio Projects\Setup2\WindowsApplication1\Form1.vb",86)
Me.Button1.Text = resources.GetString("Button1.Text")
#End ExternalSource
End Sub